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Chemical absorption is the most mature carbon capture technology option
Kearney · 2021 · comparison_table
Chemical absorption is the most mature carbon capture technology option
 CCUS application to refineries looks challenging with limited technical options
Kearney · 2021 · diagnosis
CCUS application to refineries looks challenging with limited technical options
50% to 70% — CO2 emissions reduction
 Multiple technical CCUS options can apply to blue hydrogen production
Kearney · 2021 · diagnosis
Multiple technical CCUS options can apply to blue hydrogen production
 Blue hydrogen is derived from the fossil fuel-based production processes as CO2 emissions are captured, utilized, and stored
Kearney · 2021 · process_diagram
Blue hydrogen is derived from the fossil fuel-based production processes as CO2 emissions are captured, utilized, and stored
 CCUS is being developed to produce blue hydrogen for multiple industrial applications
Kearney · 2021 · case_study
CCUS is being developed to produce blue hydrogen for multiple industrial applications
 Fossil fuels with CCUS are competitive to decarbonize hydrogen production even with the reduction of low carbon electricity prices
Kearney · 2021 · financial_analysis
Fossil fuels with CCUS are competitive to decarbonize hydrogen production even with the reduction of low carbon electricity prices
 Hydrogen utilization for energy projects is expected to come onstream in the next few years, whereas its use in fertilizer industries and oil refining is already mature
Kearney · 2021 · timeline
Hydrogen utilization for energy projects is expected to come onstream in the next few years, whereas its use in fertilizer industries and oil refining is already mature
 There is strong momentum in the United Kingdom to develop H2 clusters and switch fuel from natural gas for domestic and industrial applications
Kearney · 2021 · case_study
There is strong momentum in the United Kingdom to develop H2 clusters and switch fuel from natural gas for domestic and industrial applications
12.15 GW — H2 capacity
 Hydrogen production to provide a refinery combined with carbon capture used for EOR
Kearney · 2021 · case_study
Hydrogen production to provide a refinery combined with carbon capture used for EOR
1.0 Mt/y — CO2 savings
 Hydrogen production capture to provide a refinery combined with cryogenic carbon
Kearney · 2021 · case_study
Hydrogen production capture to provide a refinery combined with cryogenic carbon
0,1 Mt/y — CO2 footprint
 Hydrogen as an industrial resource to produce ammonia combined with carbon capture for EOR
Kearney · 2021 · client_example
Hydrogen as an industrial resource to produce ammonia combined with carbon capture for EOR
3,0 Mt/y — CO2 savings
 Industrial CCS technology is being transposed to marine vessels
Kearney · 2021 · case_study
Industrial CCS technology is being transposed to marine vessels
€100 — CO2 capture cost
 The geological storage capacities of CO2 are unexplored in many areas of the world
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
The geological storage capacities of CO2 are unexplored in many areas of the world
30,000 — GtCO2
 More mature areas, like North America, already show huge geological storage capacities, corresponding to hundreds of years under current emissions levels
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
More mature areas, like North America, already show huge geological storage capacities, corresponding to hundreds of years under current emissions levels
6850 — Storage capacity in years
 CCUS potentially covers a broad range of solutions to either use or store carbon dioxide
Kearney · 2021 · process_diagram
CCUS potentially covers a broad range of solutions to either use or store carbon dioxide
44 — CO2 Mtpa
 Once captured, CO2 is mostly used for enhanced oil recovery, but geological storage should become the main application around 2030
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
Once captured, CO2 is mostly used for enhanced oil recovery, but geological storage should become the main application around 2030
+355% — MtCO2 per year
 Weak oil prices may undermine demand for CO2-EOR in the future
Kearney · 2021 · scenario_analysis
Weak oil prices may undermine demand for CO2-EOR in the future
35% — EOR production
 CO2 can be reused through multiple chemical pathways
Kearney · 2021 · process_diagram
CO2 can be reused through multiple chemical pathways
 CO2-based chemical product formation pathways are at various stages of maturity
Kearney · 2021 · industry_trends
CO2-based chemical product formation pathways are at various stages of maturity
 Using CO2 as a raw material for plastics
Kearney · 2021 · case_study
Using CO2 as a raw material for plastics
20% — CO2 substitution
 Bio-electrochemical systems (BES) offers benefits of synthesizing value-added chemicals from CO2 via electrogenic fermenting cathode microbes (biocathode)
Kearney · 2021 · data_table
Bio-electrochemical systems (BES) offers benefits of synthesizing value-added chemicals from CO2 via electrogenic fermenting cathode microbes (biocathode)
 Europe and North America are expecting to develop cross-industries CCUS clusters in the next few years
Kearney · 2021 · timeline
Europe and North America are expecting to develop cross-industries CCUS clusters in the next few years
 The development of CCUS clusters and hubs is gaining prominence, especially in Europe
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
The development of CCUS clusters and hubs is gaining prominence, especially in Europe
9 — Number of hubs
 Promising CCUS projects cancelled in advanced stage of planning
Kearney · 2021 · case_study
Promising CCUS projects cancelled in advanced stage of planning
 Capture usually represents the largest cost in CCUS, while transport and storage share the remaining 25% equally
Kearney · 2021 · cost_structure
Capture usually represents the largest cost in CCUS, while transport and storage share the remaining 25% equally
 CO2 capture cost depends on the industry and the CO2 concentration of the stream or flue gas
Kearney · 2021 · cost_structure
CO2 capture cost depends on the industry and the CO2 concentration of the stream or flue gas
 Offshore pipelines are competitive for large volumes and relatively short distances, while shipping is preferred for pilot projects and very long distances
Kearney · 2021 · financial_analysis
Offshore pipelines are competitive for large volumes and relatively short distances, while shipping is preferred for pilot projects and very long distances
 Storage in onshore depleted oil and gas fields is the cheapest, especially if existing wells are reusable but their storage capacity is limited
Kearney · 2021 · peer_benchmark
Storage in onshore depleted oil and gas fields is the cheapest, especially if existing wells are reusable but their storage capacity is limited
 CCUS offers opportunities for CO2-abatement at a moderate cost, especially in industrial applications where CO2 separation is already inherent to the process
Kearney · 2021 · cost_structure
CCUS offers opportunities for CO2-abatement at a moderate cost, especially in industrial applications where CO2 separation is already inherent to the process
 CO2 for EOR is at negative costs, and most of the onshore storage capacity in the United States is available for less than $10 per tCO2
Kearney · 2021 · cost_structure
CO2 for EOR is at negative costs, and most of the onshore storage capacity in the United States is available for less than $10 per tCO2
$10 — Cost per tonne of CO2
 Gas combined with CCUS is within the range of other low carbon electricity sources and has an advantage to be dispatchable
Kearney · 2021 · benchmark_peers
Gas combined with CCUS is within the range of other low carbon electricity sources and has an advantage to be dispatchable
 Applying CCUS to power plants greatly increases the levelized cost of production, but an increase in the capture rate has a moderate impact on the cost
Kearney · 2021 · financial_analysis
Applying CCUS to power plants greatly increases the levelized cost of production, but an increase in the capture rate has a moderate impact on the cost
104 — Levelized cost of energy production
 CCUS technology can expect cost reductions from learnings and gains accrued in technology deployment
Kearney · 2021 · financial_analysis
CCUS technology can expect cost reductions from learnings and gains accrued in technology deployment
 Applying CCUS to industrial processes increases the levelized cost of production
Kearney · 2021 · financial_analysis
Applying CCUS to industrial processes increases the levelized cost of production
+58% — Levelized cost of production
 New business models for CCUS clusters have been proposed in the United Kingdom
Kearney · 2021 · framework_other
New business models for CCUS clusters have been proposed in the United Kingdom
 Most key countries have announced plans to become carbon neutral by at least 2060
Kearney · 2021 · industry_trends
Most key countries have announced plans to become carbon neutral by at least 2060
2060 — GHG reduction vs 2005
 GHG emissions reduction pressure on corporations has been increasing with the development of corporate GHG emissions disclosure covering scopes 1, 2, and 3
Kearney · 2021 · context
GHG emissions reduction pressure on corporations has been increasing with the development of corporate GHG emissions disclosure covering scopes 1, 2, and 3
90% — GHG emissions
 Scope 3 emissions are the most important ones even if they are not always considered in CO2 emissions reduction objectives
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
Scope 3 emissions are the most important ones even if they are not always considered in CO2 emissions reduction objectives
 Policies supporting CCUS development are gaining momentum
Kearney · 2021 · other
Policies supporting CCUS development are gaining momentum
 Carbon policies are not new - key countries have enacted regulatory frameworks to enable the CCUS development at both regional and federal levels
Kearney · 2021 · data_table
Carbon policies are not new - key countries have enacted regulatory frameworks to enable the CCUS development at both regional and federal levels
 Regulating carbon prices has gained more acceptance in OECD countries
Kearney · 2021 · geographic_map
Regulating carbon prices has gained more acceptance in OECD countries
10,7% — Global CO2 emissions covered by ETS
 ETS policies remain a state-level decision in Canada and in the US
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
ETS policies remain a state-level decision in Canada and in the US
 The new US administration is eager to leverage CCUS in reaching their low carbon objectives
Kearney · 2021 · context
The new US administration is eager to leverage CCUS in reaching their low carbon objectives
 Nordic countries were the first ones to have a carbon price, with Sweden having the highest carbon tax
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
Nordic countries were the first ones to have a carbon price, with Sweden having the highest carbon tax
 The Global CCS Institute survey recommends stronger public outreach to sensitize the stakeholders about benefits to increase support
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
The Global CCS Institute survey recommends stronger public outreach to sensitize the stakeholders about benefits to increase support
 CCUS have limited awareness and favorable public opinion compared with other low emission technologies
Kearney · 2021 · pain_points
CCUS have limited awareness and favorable public opinion compared with other low emission technologies
 Despite lack of awareness about CCUS, public opinions differ from country to country within Europe
Kearney · 2021 · industry_trends
Despite lack of awareness about CCUS, public opinions differ from country to country within Europe
 CCUS accounts for a small portion of the total public R&D spend
Kearney · 2021 · market_landscape
CCUS accounts for a small portion of the total public R&D spend
$20 billion — Public R&D spend
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