The copywriting of consulting

Every deck is a copy problem.
28,182 action titles show the craft.

“For example, interactivity led use cases are garnering nearly 36% of the global metaverse investments”
BCG · 2022  · slide 39 →
“60% of EV owners would consider to purchase a used EV, yet uncertainty of battery SoH is a key barrier”
PwC · 2023  · slide 37 →
“3 areas to explore : advanced pooling, automation and data”
RolandBerger · 2016  · slide 4 →
“Hong Kong business-to-business 2022-2027 CAGR reaches 7.16%, which outperforms Global’s 2.93%, as driven by trade shows”
PwC · 2023  · slide 17 →
“Unemployment rate would also drop from 20-25% to 4-6%”
McKinsey · 2018  · slide 674 →
“The separation of CO2 molecules contained in exhausting gases can be realized through four main technologies (1/3)”
Kearney · 2021  · slide 25 →
“Ten regions account for 65% of all threatened species in 2016 – Many of them are endemics”
RolandBerger · 2018  · slide 21 →
“Philippines is expected to continue its double-digit climb towards ~$35B by 2025, largely fueled by e-commerce”
Bain · 2023  · slide 3 →
“Effektivisering på 9-11% forventet baseret på FMI egne erfaringer samt BCG benchmarks”
BCG · 2017  · slide 234 →
“Grocery retail margins in Europe have historically been lower than other industries, averaging 7.1% EBITDA (2009-23)”
McKinsey · 2025  · slide 5 →
“Luxury markets 2024 in a slight slowdown Bright spots from experiences and experiential goods”
Bain · 2024  · slide 3 →
“Discounter share (23-26%) and private label share of hyper/supermarkets (31-33%) expected to increase by 2029”
McKinsey · 2025  · slide 20 →

Action titles are headlines. Callouts are body copy. Frameworks are visual metaphors. What follows is an autopsy of all three — drawn from 26 firms, 45 houses of consulting, and 51,561 slides.

§ 1

The anatomy of an action title

Four dimensions you can feel on every slide: the opening word, the length, the number density, and the hedging. A look at what the corpus actually does — not what the playbooks say it should.

Opening verbs & nouns

First content word, after stripping "we / our / this / while"…
  1. ai 364
  2. china 211
  3. consumers 182
  4. companies 155
  5. strong 150
  6. technology 124
  7. data 110
  8. internet 103
  9. consumer 99
  10. online 94
  11. india 92
  12. market 92
  13. leading 87
  14. growth 85
  15. top 82
  16. overall 80
  17. majority 78
  18. lebanon 78
  19. tech 77
  20. over 77
  21. usa 76
  22. all 75
  23. future 75
  24. business 74

The "lead with a number" myth

2.9% of titles start with a number

The McKinsey convention says lead with the answer. The corpus says the answer rarely leads with digits. Instead: most headlines contain a number (24.1% of them) — but it arrives mid-sentence.

Any digit in title 24.1%
Percentage (%) 5.8%
Money ($ € £) 2.1%
Multiplier (3x / 2.5X) 0.7%

How long is an action title?

Word count
≤4 words 1,863 · 6.6%
5–8 7,764 · 27.6%
9–12 7,114 · 25.2%
13–17 6,249 · 22.2%
18–24 4,130 · 14.7%
25+ 1,059 · 3.8%

Median cluster sits at 9–17 words. Pithy 5-word banners are the minority; so are the 25-word sentences that break into a clause.

The hedge audit

Modal verbs that soften a claim. Each one waters down the action title.
will 1134 4.02%
can 860 3.05%
could 415 1.47%
should 390 1.38%
would 238 0.84%
must 181 0.64%
may 181 0.64%
might 43 0.15%
ought 2 0.01%
§ 2

The swipe file

Reusable syntactic skeletons extracted from real titles. Variable parts — numbers, metrics, actors, regions — collapse into placeholders. Each template is grouped by what it's trying to do.

Quote the market

{PCT} of respondents · executives say · investors expect.
633× {N} % of
430× {N} % of ·
319× {ACTORS} are ·
197× · {ACTORS} are
139× · {ACTORS} are ·
125× {ACTORS} are · ·
103× ~ {N} % of
79× {N} % of the
71× · {ACTORS} have
70× {ACTORS} have ·
68× · {N} % of
65× ~ {N} % of ·
57× {N} % of {ACTORS}

Contrast & gap

Only X vs Y · while this, that · despite A, B.
76× vs . {N}
65× {N} % vs
65× {N} % vs .
64× vs . {N} %
51× only {N} %

Place the claim

{REGION} anchors — where the story is set.
254× · in {REGION}
152× in the {REGION}
125× the {REGION} ·
109× · in the {REGION}
101× {REGION} , ·
94× {REGION} and ·
91× {REGION} · =
83× {REGION} ' ·
79× {REGION} and {REGION}
67× {REGION} ' · ·
66× in {REGION} ,
65× the {REGION} · ·
59× · , {REGION}
56× · and {REGION}
54× in {REGION} ·
52× {REGION} and · ·

Other structural templates

Skeletons that don't fit a single goal — often composite.
1208× · {METRIC}
517× · {ACTORS}
483× {N} % ·
434× · {N}
364× · {TIMEFRAME}
339× {METRIC} of ·
335× · ( {N}
329× {N} / {N}
282× {METRIC} and ·
268× and · {METRIC}
258× / {N} )
257× {N} / {N} )
256× ( {N} /
256× ( {N} / {N}
253× ( {N} / {N} )
249× · {METRIC} in

Full search index of all 450+ templates: copy-pattern search →

§ 4

Do & don't — paired

Action titles from top-scored decks ( Storymakers score ≥ 75) vs bottom-scored ( < 65), matched by narrative function. Read the left column to feel what "done well" sounds like.

Pairs are chosen at random within each score tier — so reload to see different examples. Score is a Storymakers-framework evaluation of the whole deck, not the specific title.

§ 5

Callout voice

If action titles are the headlines, callouts are the body copy — narrative sentences that translate a chart into argument language. Different register, different shape.

How many callouts?

26,335 narrative sentences accompanying the slide's main visual.

More than action titles — Gemini captures a callout even when the title isn't declarative. This is the true body-copy corpus.

Number density in callouts

Callouts carry the supporting data. Titles the claim.
Any digit 42.1%
Percentage (%) 19.8%
Money ($ € £) 4.9%
Year (e.g. 2030) 12.8%

Titles: 3.3% lead with a number but 28% carry one. Callouts: 42.1% carry a digit somewhere — the data lives here.

Callout length

Character count — different from titles (which scale by words).
≤60 chars 3,025 · 11.5%
61–100 6,642 · 25.2%
101–150 8,038 · 30.5%
151–220 6,599 · 25.1%
221+ 2,031 · 7.7%

Callout openers

First content word. Different vocabulary from title openers — more descriptive, less performative.
  1. while 275
  2. global 233
  3. most 213
  4. more 210
  5. companies 201
  6. there 178
  7. despite 137
  8. when 135
  9. are 131
  10. only 130
  11. total 127
  12. consumers 126
  13. average 124
  14. new 123
  15. overall 122
  16. over 116
§ 6

Who consultants cite

2,630 attributable quotes pulled from the corpus. Executives carry the most weight — research houses less often — and academic voices are rare. Every quote is an anchor of external authority.

811
Executives
CEOs, CFOs, partners — named individuals with authority.
16
Press
FT, Bloomberg, WSJ — external validation from media.
97
Research houses
McKinsey, Gartner, Forrester — analyst firms.
40
Academics
Professors, institutes, papers.
822
Other / unclear
Generic attribution or unnamed source.
844
Unattributed
Quote without a clear source label.
“We can definitely continue to improve how we manage the YouTube platform... I see how much improvement we've already made... If you talk to experts in this field today, you can see we've made tremendous progress.”
Susan Wojcicki, CEO, YouTube BondCap
“a technology company that does banking instead of a traditional bank looking to digitalize.”
Jimmy Ng, DBS Chief Information Officer Accenture · 2023
“AI is used to detect and analyze cybersecurity threats in financial networks.”
Banking CIO, Germany ServiceNow
“Technology moves on a much faster arc than culture. You have to be in a constant re-evaluation mode as the technology shifts. Focus on adoption, given your company culture. Has it changed in the way you want it? Is it changing because you'r…”
Nickle LaMoreaux, Chief Human Resources Officer, IBM USydney
“We think the most benefits will go to whoever has the biggest computer”
Greg Brockman, OpenAI CTO AirStreetCapital
“[The] greater emphasis on remote work [is] enabling a significant reduction in real estate footprint and cost — allowing those savings to be returned to the workforce via increased benefits.”
Asset & wealth management CEO, US PwC · 2020
“...remote working has made a positive impact for staff on their quality of life. However, young members of staff want to be in the office as do the older end of the staffing profile. The middle bank of staff wants to be home, as they have k…”
CFO interviewed as part of research Deloitte · 2023
“While AI can automate workflows and generate content, it is not capable of empathy or creativity. Humanizing AI transformation is crucial.”
Brian Solis, Head of Global Innovation, Office of Innovation, ServiceNow ServiceNow
“Overall, we are going to move from very systemic maintenance to maintenance that is closer to needs, more precise, and in real time: network maintenance in the right time and in the right place. It's another step towards a high-performance …”
Olivier Bancel, Chief Operations Officer, SNCF Réseau Capgemini · 2025
“Awareness will rise and people will start to shop more consciously. Bigger retailers starting to charge for returns will make people think about how they buy.”
Jemma Tadd, Head of Fashion, eBay misc · 2023
“I definitely saw excesses close up and personal in the mid-1980s, but I also learned that some of the greatest companies were also grown out of that too...such as Microsoft, Apple and America Online.”
Dan Case, The Wall Street Journal (Kara Swisher) BondCap
“Retailers are hooked on the heroin of this promotional money, and even the few who say they need to wean themselves from these payments know it is a difficult and arduous process.”
Competing in Tough Times, Barry Berman (2010) BenedictEvans
“Huawei has started the delivery of its advanced artificial intelligence chip 'cluster' to Chinese clients who are increasing orders after being cut off from Nvidia's semiconductors because of Washington's export restrictions...”
Financial Times, 4/29/25 BondCap
“A diabolical and absorbing experience.”
Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times misc
“Finding workers is one of the biggest challenges for construction jobs, says Procore CEO”
CNBC, 6th June 2024 McKinsey · 2025
“This month, the European Union will embark on an expansive effort to give people more control over their data online... As it comes into force, Europe should be mindful of unintended consequences & open to change when things go wrong.”
Bloomberg Opinion Editorial, 5/8/18 BondCap
“The majority of bankers (54%) are either ignoring the challenge or talking about disruption without making any changes.”
The Economist PwC · 2016
“The ICT sector currently employs about 200,000 people and requires another 60,000 in the next three years. However, the education system is only producing 2,400 ICT graduates annually, which is 8,400 over 3 years, leaving a 51,600 shortfall…”
Vulcan Post Kearney · 2022
“The new economy is now about analyzing rapid real-time flows of mostly unstructured data.”
The Economist MorganStanley · 2018
“The majority of bankers (54%) are either ignoring the challenge or talking about disruption without making any changes.”
The Economist PwC · 2016
“My mentee and I spent a lot of time during her 4 years in high school, talking about her dreams and different avenues to achieve them.”
Amanda Bowker, KPMG in the US KPMG · 2022
“As businesses are forced to change fundamentally or face the reality of being left behind, the CFO has a particularly important part to play in preparing for the new wave of digitalisation with Data and Analytics.”
Michael Haupt, Deloitte Consulting partner Deloitte · 2023
“By optimising the grid and making use of flexibility and tools already at our disposal, EVs are a significant part of the solution for reducing grid operators’ investment bill from a forecasted €67bn to €55bn every year between 2025 and 205…”
Serge Colle, EY Global Power & Utilities Leader MorganStanley · 2025
“COVID-19 had a negative impact on Japanese IPO markets in March and April. As the force of COVID-19 recedes, the IPO markets will recover in Q3 2020 with technology and health care IPO candidates in the pipeline.”
Masato Saito, EY Japan IPO Leader MorganStanley · 2020
“Rising competition will elevate the significance of alternative and exclusive investment products as the key differentiator among wealth managers, with partnerships playing a vital role as enablers.”
Deloitte's Pardis Deloitte · 2024
“This shift from strategic sales to sale to another PE, and to IPOs, is not surprising given the increased amounts of dry powder held by private equity funds and a hot IPO market.”
Brian Kunisch, Deloitte & Touche LLP partner Deloitte · 2022
“Wealth firms must understand that digital transformation is an ongoing process that may take years to complete. There are two main risks along that journey. The first is delaying investment or not investing enough. The second is investing h…”
Gauthier Vincent, Principal, Deloitte Consulting LLP Deloitte · 2021
“Although IPO activity declined in April and May 2020 because of the economy lockdown in most markets, we began to see a strong rebound in June. Well-prepared companies, in the right sectors and business models that can successfully adjust d…”
Paul Go, EY Global IPO Leader MorganStanley · 2020
“As we look forward on 2025, it is useful to first reflect on what we predicted for 2024 and experienced in the past year.”
Chris Tomsovic & Nick Kojucharov, Accenture Macro Foresight Accenture · 2025
“The hybrid work environment is here to stay. Companies are looking for ways to be more nimble. Digital tools and assets allow global teams to work and collaborate more efficiently, reducing time spent on transaction activities, and ultimate…”
Karima Porter, Principal, Deloitte Consulting LLP Deloitte · 2022
“In pricing you offer something nobody else does”
Professor Peter Drucker SimonKucher · 2017
“In recent years, companies have witnessed a tightening focus on environmental, social and other non-financial factors that are critical for their long-term viability and success.”
Professor Klaus Schwab KPMG · 2022
“I don't think most leaders are familiar enough with technology and digital innovation. I think there has been this common view that we will hire a specialist to be on the board to handle the technology topics. I don't think that's acceptabl…”
David Thodey AO, FTSE, Chancellor, The University of Sydney USydney
“We have been told there is no future for shopping centres. It is false. Shopping centres do have a great future, but future shopping centres will be closer to “Walt Disney” than to “Walmart”.”
Laureano Turienzo, Retail Institute Spain & Latam Deloitte · 2019
“We have failed to 'fix' epidemic obesity not because it is unclear how, but simply because we have never really tried.”
Dr. David Katz McKinsey · 2025
“I still believe the core of healthcare is a patient and a provider. Then the responsibility of AI is how it supports that relationship.”
Dr. Kyu Rhee IPSOS · 2023

Rhetorical types · how each title speaks

28,215 action titles classified

Every action title performs one or more rhetorical moves. Some simply assert a fact. Others prescribe a behavior, contrast two ideas, quote a voice, or pose a question. Click a circle to see real examples of that pure move.

Most common combinations
139
Prescribe + Contrast
0.5% of titles
129
Contrast + Quote
0.5% of titles
74
Contrast + Question
0.3% of titles
57
Prescribe + Quote
0.2% of titles
55
Prescribe + Question
0.2% of titles
36
Quote + Question
0.1% of titles