The copywriting of consulting

Every deck is a copy problem.
28,121 action titles show the craft.

“Through Vision 2035, Lebanon’s prioritized sectors would grow their GDP contribution by ~6%”
McKinsey · 2018  · slide 672 →
“EXHIBIT 17: DF9 scaled investments by 4x in previous technology wave, while the AI wave will likely require ~8x”
McKinsey · 2020  · slide 32 →
“Chemicals drive almost 60% of liquids demand growth through 2035, while light vehicles and power demand declines”
McKinsey · 2017  · slide 16 →
“Aside from cash discount, 0% financing is consumers' preferred discount type”
McKinsey · 2020  · slide 21 →
“A.2 EXAMPLE: Singapore is a potential market for labor force export in managerial and engineering professions”
McKinsey · 2018  · slide 1032 →
“However, as a % of GDP, VC in Brazil still lags behind mature nations”
McKinsey · 2020  · slide 20 →
“60%+ consumers seek out information about content before deciding to watch”
BCG · 2023  · slide 30 →
“What a $1T GMV SEA could look like: Consumers live and breathe digital”
Bain · 2021  · slide 87 →
“Labor inflation projected to stabilize above historical average at 2% with peaks of 4.5% and 2.6% in 2024 and 2025”
McKinsey · 2025  · slide 19 →
“Action 4: Expand your base of expertise beyond your own people”
Accenture · 2025  · slide 15 →
“Public transportation contributes to only 2% of total completed trips”
McKinsey · 2018  · slide 586 →
“40% of executives feel unprepared for market shocks heading into 2025”
BCG · 2025  · slide 6 →

Action titles are headlines. Callouts are body copy. Frameworks are visual metaphors. What follows is an autopsy of all three — drawn from 26 firms, 45 houses of consulting, and 51,416 slides.

§ 1

The anatomy of an action title

Four dimensions you can feel on every slide: the opening word, the length, the number density, and the hedging. A look at what the corpus actually does — not what the playbooks say it should.

Opening verbs & nouns

First content word, after stripping "we / our / this / while"…
  1. ai 364
  2. china 211
  3. consumers 182
  4. companies 155
  5. strong 150
  6. technology 123
  7. data 110
  8. internet 103
  9. consumer 99
  10. online 94
  11. india 92
  12. market 92
  13. leading 86
  14. growth 85
  15. top 82
  16. overall 80
  17. majority 78
  18. lebanon 78
  19. tech 77
  20. over 77
  21. usa 76
  22. all 75
  23. future 75
  24. business 74

The "lead with a number" myth

2.9% of titles start with a number

The McKinsey convention says lead with the answer. The corpus says the answer rarely leads with digits. Instead: most headlines contain a number (24.2% of them) — but it arrives mid-sentence.

Any digit in title 24.2%
Percentage (%) 5.8%
Money ($ € £) 2.1%
Multiplier (3x / 2.5X) 0.7%

How long is an action title?

Word count
≤4 words 1,854 · 6.6%
5–8 7,740 · 27.5%
9–12 7,094 · 25.2%
13–17 6,248 · 22.2%
18–24 4,129 · 14.7%
25+ 1,053 · 3.7%

Median cluster sits at 9–17 words. Pithy 5-word banners are the minority; so are the 25-word sentences that break into a clause.

The hedge audit

Modal verbs that soften a claim. Each one waters down the action title.
will 1132 4.03%
can 858 3.05%
could 414 1.47%
should 390 1.39%
would 238 0.85%
must 181 0.64%
may 181 0.64%
might 43 0.15%
ought 2 0.01%
§ 2

The swipe file

Reusable syntactic skeletons extracted from real titles. Variable parts — numbers, metrics, actors, regions — collapse into placeholders. Each template is grouped by what it's trying to do.

Quote the market

{PCT} of respondents · executives say · investors expect.
633× {N} % of
430× {N} % of ·
319× {ACTORS} are ·
197× · {ACTORS} are
139× · {ACTORS} are ·
125× {ACTORS} are · ·
103× ~ {N} % of
79× {N} % of the
71× · {ACTORS} have
70× {ACTORS} have ·
68× · {N} % of
65× ~ {N} % of ·
57× {N} % of {ACTORS}

Contrast & gap

Only X vs Y · while this, that · despite A, B.
76× vs . {N}
65× {N} % vs
65× {N} % vs .
64× vs . {N} %
51× only {N} %

Place the claim

{REGION} anchors — where the story is set.
254× · in {REGION}
152× in the {REGION}
125× the {REGION} ·
109× · in the {REGION}
101× {REGION} , ·
94× {REGION} and ·
91× {REGION} · =
83× {REGION} ' ·
79× {REGION} and {REGION}
67× {REGION} ' · ·
66× in {REGION} ,
65× the {REGION} · ·
59× · , {REGION}
56× · and {REGION}
54× in {REGION} ·
52× {REGION} and · ·

Other structural templates

Skeletons that don't fit a single goal — often composite.
1207× · {METRIC}
517× · {ACTORS}
483× {N} % ·
434× · {N}
364× · {TIMEFRAME}
338× {METRIC} of ·
335× · ( {N}
329× {N} / {N}
282× {METRIC} and ·
268× and · {METRIC}
258× / {N} )
257× {N} / {N} )
256× ( {N} /
256× ( {N} / {N}
253× ( {N} / {N} )
249× · {METRIC} in

Full search index of all 450+ templates: copy-pattern search →

§ 4

Do & don't — paired

Action titles from top-scored decks ( Storymakers score ≥ 75) vs bottom-scored ( < 65), matched by narrative function. Read the left column to feel what "done well" sounds like.

Pairs are chosen at random within each score tier — so reload to see different examples. Score is a Storymakers-framework evaluation of the whole deck, not the specific title.

§ 5

Callout voice

If action titles are the headlines, callouts are the body copy — narrative sentences that translate a chart into argument language. Different register, different shape.

How many callouts?

26,225 narrative sentences accompanying the slide's main visual.

More than action titles — Gemini captures a callout even when the title isn't declarative. This is the true body-copy corpus.

Number density in callouts

Callouts carry the supporting data. Titles the claim.
Any digit 42.2%
Percentage (%) 19.8%
Money ($ € £) 5.0%
Year (e.g. 2030) 12.9%

Titles: 3.3% lead with a number but 28% carry one. Callouts: 42.2% carry a digit somewhere — the data lives here.

Callout length

Character count — different from titles (which scale by words).
≤60 chars 2,999 · 11.4%
61–100 6,608 · 25.2%
101–150 8,007 · 30.5%
151–220 6,582 · 25.1%
221+ 2,029 · 7.7%

Callout openers

First content word. Different vocabulary from title openers — more descriptive, less performative.
  1. while 273
  2. global 233
  3. most 211
  4. more 208
  5. companies 201
  6. there 176
  7. despite 137
  8. when 134
  9. are 131
  10. only 130
  11. total 127
  12. consumers 126
  13. average 124
  14. new 123
  15. overall 122
  16. over 116
§ 6

Who consultants cite

2,560 attributable quotes pulled from the corpus. Executives carry the most weight — research houses less often — and academic voices are rare. Every quote is an anchor of external authority.

763
Executives
CEOs, CFOs, partners — named individuals with authority.
16
Press
FT, Bloomberg, WSJ — external validation from media.
97
Research houses
McKinsey, Gartner, Forrester — analyst firms.
39
Academics
Professors, institutes, papers.
810
Other / unclear
Generic attribution or unnamed source.
835
Unattributed
Quote without a clear source label.
“We can only live our purpose and change the world if we are providing all of our people with the opportunity to achieve their full potential.”
Horacio D. Rozanski, President and Chief Executive Officer BoozAllenHamilton · 2022
“The increasing availability of real-time payment options will fundamentally reshape payment interactions for both consumers and businesses—from how payments are requested to how they are made, received and verified.”
Byron Vielehr, Chief Digital and Data Officer, Fiserv PwC · 2025
“The big shift for us is by bringing in the security discussion before, not after, building the solution. We really want to move into 'security by design' as opposed to what often happens—'security during assessment'—which requires security …”
Director General, Cyber and IT Security, Government and Public Services Agency Deloitte · 2023
“a "platform of platforms”
Prashaant Huria, VP and CTO Unilever for Distributive Trade Accenture · 2025
“No longer are patients okay with waiting as many as 24 days to see a doctor. Solv is putting patients in front of a provider who can treat their symptoms in as little as 15 minutes. The benefit this provides consumers is real.”
Heather Fernandez – CEO / Co-Founder, Solv, 6/19 BondCap
“We believe the internet should be offered as a utility, and this project is another step towards eliminating the digital divide once and for all in this region.”
Shaun Gibson, CEO of Telcom Networks Barclays · 2023
“We have our own claims system we've been building, we have our own clinical management system, we built our networks ourselves – pretty much everything that we do internally to manage people's healthcare was reinvented & rebuilt from a tech…”
Mario Schlosser, CEO / Co-Founder, Oscar Health, 8/18 BondCap
“The price gap between domestic & overseas remains; and with RMB appreciation, consumers are travelling abroad more and buying a lot overseas.”
VP, Luxury watch distributor Bain · 2011
“Even if we analyze risk through our African vision, we do consider pan-African governance, political stability and currency volatility as major KPIs for our decisions.”
Laila AIT EL MKADEM, Deputy Managing Director, Optorg Group Deloitte · 2022
“We ended this year with $900MM in Data Cloud and AI ARR. It grew 120% year over year. We've never seen products grow at these levels, especially Agentforce...”
Salesforce Co-Founder & CEO Mark Benioff, 2/25 BondCap
“The new economy is now about analyzing rapid real-time flows of mostly unstructured data.”
The Economist MorganStanley · 2018
“A diabolical and absorbing experience.”
Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times misc
“Bing’s A.I. Chat: ‘I Want to Be Alive.’”
The New York Times AirStreetCapital
“In 140-character bites, the story unfolded: the shock and terror; the sense of human frailty mixed with lifesaving information; the messages of those seeking comfort and those seeing some kind of divine retribution, all mixing at hyper-spee…”
LATimes, 3/11/11 BondCap
“The ICT sector currently employs about 200,000 people and requires another 60,000 in the next three years. However, the education system is only producing 2,400 ICT graduates annually, which is 8,400 over 3 years, leaving a 51,600 shortfall…”
Vulcan Post Kearney · 2022
“I definitely saw excesses close up and personal in the mid-1980s, but I also learned that some of the greatest companies were also grown out of that too...such as Microsoft, Apple and America Online.”
Dan Case, The Wall Street Journal (Kara Swisher) BondCap
“This month, the European Union will embark on an expansive effort to give people more control over their data online... As it comes into force, Europe should be mindful of unintended consequences & open to change when things go wrong.”
Bloomberg Opinion Editorial, 5/8/18 BondCap
“Ambient Artificial Intelligence Scribes to Alleviate the Burden of Clinical Documentation”
New England Journal of Medicine Catalyst Research Report, 2/24 BondCap
“Clearview AI raises $30 million from investors despite legal troubles.”
The New York Times AirStreetCapital
“Retailers are hooked on the heroin of this promotional money, and even the few who say they need to wean themselves from these payments know it is a difficult and arduous process.”
Competing in Tough Times, Barry Berman (2010) BenedictEvans
“We observe that the demand for technology service vendors to differentiate their solutions for digital transformation is more acute than before.”
Shivani Nagpaul, Technology M&A Leader, EY LLP India MorganStanley · 2023
“The opportunity KPMG gave me to attend the One Young World (OYW) Summit, a forum for young leaders to confront humanity's biggest challenges, transformed my career and the impact I've had through it.”
Safia Mirza, KPMG in Canada KPMG · 2023
“My mentee and I spent a lot of time during her 4 years in high school, talking about her dreams and different avenues to achieve them.”
Amanda Bowker, KPMG in the US KPMG · 2022
“It's not surprising that payments in trade finance face the biggest challenges. Payments here are always contingent upon approval by multiple parties, and trade is the area that has been slowest to automate and digitize. While there have be…”
Kimberly Kacal, North American Payments Lead, Accenture Accenture · 2023
“Receiving free school meals might not be visible, but it can mean feeling different to other people. You can feel excluded from work opportunities and it’s easy to think, ‘this isn’t something for someone like me’.”
Huma, EY Foundation Alumni MorganStanley · 2022
“The hybrid work environment is here to stay. Companies are looking for ways to be more nimble. Digital tools and assets allow global teams to work and collaborate more efficiently, reducing time spent on transaction activities, and ultimate…”
Karima Porter, Principal, Deloitte Consulting LLP Deloitte · 2022
“The message is clear: adopting an active stance towards company values generates practices that pay off in real terms. A commitment to a clearly defined set of values can act as an ‘inner compass’ for a family business as it navigates chall…”
Peter Englisch, Global and EMEA Family Business Leader, PwC Germany PwC · 2018
“Despite the geopolitical and trade uncertainty that prevailed throughout much of the year, Asia-Pacific markets performed reasonably well in 2019. However, as we move into 2020, we expect ongoing geopolitical headwinds and rising investor s…”
Ringo Choi, EY Asia-Pacific IPO Leader MorganStanley · 2019
“The big question in terms of carbon pricing —whether it's in the form of a direct tax or a cap-and-trade system — is what to do with the money you raise? That's really important from a social impact perspective because putting a price on ca…”
Andrew Philips, EY Global Government & Infrastructure Tax Leader MorganStanley · 2023
“The chicken-and-egg scenario right now is that people are not buying EVs because there isn't the charging infrastructure. Yet infrastructure is not being installed because there are not enough EVs.”
Marc Cotelli, EY Americas eMobility Energy Leader MorganStanley · 2023
“History informs us that those who are first to harness once-in-a-generation technologies often have a decisive advantage on the battlefield for years to come”
Defense Secretary Dr. Mark T. Esper AirStreetCapital
“I still believe the core of healthcare is a patient and a provider. Then the responsibility of AI is how it supports that relationship.”
Dr. Rhee misc · 2023
“We have failed to 'fix' epidemic obesity not because it is unclear how, but simply because we have never really tried.”
Dr. David Katz McKinsey · 2025
“By the beginning of 2021, we hope to have a couple of hundred million doses. I'm cautiously optimistic with the multiple candidates we have with different platforms.”
Dr. Anthony Fauci, Member, White House Coronavirus Task Force BCG · 2020
“I still believe the core of healthcare is a patient and a provider. Then the responsibility of AI is how it supports that relationship. I also believe the providers who don't use AI will be replaced by those who do, and that is slowly happe…”
Dr. Kyu Rhee misc · 2023
“It has allowed China to capture a significant chunk of the drone export market, including with U.S. allies and partners.”
Michael Horowitz, University of Pennsylvania AirStreetCapital

Rhetorical types · how each title speaks

28,154 action titles classified

Every action title performs one or more rhetorical moves. Some simply assert a fact. Others prescribe a behavior, contrast two ideas, quote a voice, or pose a question. Click a circle to see real examples of that pure move.

Most common combinations
139
Prescribe + Contrast
0.5% of titles
130
Contrast + Quote
0.5% of titles
74
Contrast + Question
0.3% of titles
56
Prescribe + Quote
0.2% of titles
54
Prescribe + Question
0.2% of titles
36
Quote + Question
0.1% of titles